Glutathione (GSH)
Overview
Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, C10H17N3O6S) is the master intracellular antioxidant tripeptide, present in every cell. Neutralizes free radicals via thiol groups, conjugates xenobiotics (phase II detox), restores vitamins C and E, and supports mitochondrial function. Oral bioavailability limited (~10–15%) due to GI peptide hydrolysis; liposomal or S-acetyl forms improve absorption; GlyNAC (glycine + NAC precursor) reliably restores levels. RCT at 1000 mg/day showed 30–35% increase in erythrocyte/plasma GSH levels with enhanced NK cytotoxicity. Interactions: acetaminophen and chemotherapy agents (cisplatin) deplete GSH — supplementation may be beneficial adjunct; synergistic with NAC, vitamin C, and ALA. Caution in G6PD deficiency.
Dosage
500 mg · Any time · Take with food
Key Interactions
5 verified interactions found
NAC is the rate-limiting precursor for endogenous glutathione synthesis. Supplemental glutathione provides direct GSH. NAC sustains intracellular levels while oral GSH provides immediate availability.
Can combine. NAC provides long-term GSH support, oral glutathione for acute boost.
View details →Selenium is the cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes that use GSH to neutralize peroxides. Supplemental GSH + Selenium maximizes the GPx antioxidant system.
Combine for glutathione system optimization.
View details →Vitamin C recycles oxidized GSSG back to reduced GSH. GSH regenerates oxidized ascorbate. Self-reinforcing antioxidant cycle.
Combine for antioxidant network.
View details →Silymarin increases hepatic glutathione levels by up to 35%. Supplemental GSH provides direct antioxidant support. Together they maximize liver detoxification capacity.
Combine for comprehensive liver protection.
View details →ALA regenerates glutathione from oxidized form and chelates heavy metals that deplete GSH.
Combine for antioxidant defense.
View details →Scientific Sources
- Source
- Glutathione + Selen combination study (PMID:39385176)
- Glutathione + Selen combination study (PMID:17913229)
- Glutathione + Selen combination study (PMID:39518894)
- Glutathione + Vitamin C combination study (PMID:36707136)
- Glutathione + Vitamin C combination study (PMID:12509339)
- Glutathione + Vitamin C combination study (PMID:27117852)
- Milk Thistle + Glutathione combination study (PMID:28222401)
- Milk Thistle + Glutathione combination study (PMID:39497389)
- Milk Thistle + Glutathione combination study (PMID:22445624)
- Glutathione + Alpha-lipoic acid combination study (PMID:40818722)
- PubChem Compound 124886
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Glutathione (GSH) used for?
Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, C10H17N3O6S) is the master intracellular antioxidant tripeptide, present in every cell.
What is the recommended dosage for Glutathione (GSH)?
500 mg. Any time. Take with food.
Does Glutathione (GSH) interact with other supplements?
Glutathione (GSH) has 5 verified interactions. Top: NAC (N-Acetyl-L-Cystein), Selen.
When is the best time to take Glutathione (GSH)?
Any time. Take with food.
Is Glutathione (GSH) safe to combine with other supplements?
Always check interactions before combining supplements. Use VitalStack to verify your full stack for free.
Check how Glutathione (GSH) fits your full stack
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Check Your Stack →Not medical advice. VitalStack is not a medical device. For personalized health recommendations, consult a healthcare provider.